ADHD UK Medication
ADHD medications are controlled drugs and require prescription from an expert clinician. These are known as stimulants. They include the methylphenidate family (Ritalin, Concerta etc) amphetamine salts as well as atomoxetine.
Other non-medical treatments such as talking therapy is also recommended. Medicines can help with symptoms, but they do not alter long-standing negative coping strategies.
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate is the most popular ADHD drug prescribed in the UK, is also used to treat narcolepsy and other psychiatric issues. It is also used to treat narcolepsy as well as several other psychiatric conditions. It is available in immediate-release tablets as well as extended-release capsules. The extended-release capsules dissolve slower and last longer. It is typically prescribed for a specific period of time and the dosage will depend on the patient's symptoms.
In general, stimulant medicines stimulate the parts of the brain that regulate attention and behavior. They are sometimes referred to as "cognitive enhancements" and help people pay attention, concentrate and stay on task. Methylphenidate increases activity in areas of the brain which are inactive within ADHD patients. It also increases your body's energy use. It is marketed as Ritalin.
A recent study has revealed that the UK has seen an eight-fold rise in methylphenidate prescriptions over the past two decades. This is a major health risk for the public and suggests that there may be a misdiagnosis of ADHD in the UK. The researchers studied data from the Clinical Practice Research Database (CPRD), which contains information on all NHS patients who were registered with a GP in England from 1992 until 2013. The study examined the use of medications classified as CNS stimulants and approved for ADHD in the British National Formulary. This includes atomoxetine, methylphenidate (including methylphenidate instant-release and the methylphenidate extended release), dexamphetamine and its derivative lisdexamfetamine aswell modafinil. Pemoline is no longer licensed in the UK because of liver toxicity and therefore was excluded from the study.
Researchers found that methylphenidate is the most frequently prescribed drug for children aged 5 or younger. Nearly a quarter children have been prescribed this medication. Despite the fact that National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NIHCE) guidelines recommend that medication is only the first-line treatment for children with severe ADHD symptoms, this is what was observed. They also recommend parents to consider psychological intervention instead.
The findings suggest that the increase in prescriptions for methylphenidate is partially due to the availability of mental health services but it could also be due to the growing recognition of ADHD in younger people and a greater willingness to seek diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, there are likely to be instances of improper prescribing of methylphenidate for adolescents and young adults.
Atomoxetine
Atomoxetine is a selective noradrenaline-reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used to treat ADHD in children and adolescents. It can also be used to treat comorbid signs of anxiety. It isn't a stimulant, and has a low abuse potential. It has been proven to be effective in clinical trials and is an alternative for children who have not been able to respond to stimulants. The long-term safety is unknown.
Atomoxetine acts differently than other ADHD medication. It increases the quantity of a chemical called noradrenaline in the brain. This chemical is responsible for sending messages between nerve cell and increasing its level can improve concentration and control impulses. It comes in capsule form and is taken one every day. This medication is usually taken in conjunction with other treatments, like psychological therapy, educational support and cognitive therapy for behavioural issues.
In one study, atomoxetine was found to be more effective than placebo when it comes to improving ADHD symptoms. It is well-tolerated and has a lower risk of side risk than stimulants, particularly in children. A recent cost-effectiveness study showed that treatment protocols using atomoxetine as the first drug were less expensive than those utilizing dexamfetamine or methylphenidate.
This drug can cause serious side effects including suicidal feelings. Talk to your doctor immediately if your child is showing these signs. A variety of medications, such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), like phenelzine can interact with atomoxetine. If your child takes MAOIs ask your doctor for a substitute.
Certain people may experience fatigue, loss of appetite or stomach pain. These side effects can be either severe or mild depending on the individual. Atomoxetine is linked to a rare and serious condition known as liver impairment, which could cause liver failure. This can be fatal in certain cases. Therefore, it is important to consult your doctor before taking this medicine if you have any liver issues or other health issues.
It is crucial to inform your doctor about all medicines you are taking, including herbal and complementary treatments. This includes prescription and over-the counter medications as well as minerals and vitamins. It is especially important to inform your doctor whether you are taking other medications for ADHD such as methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine. Inform your doctor if you or your child is breastfeeding, pregnant or is considering becoming pregnant.
Dexamfetamine
Dexamfetamine is a stimulant that is used to treat ADHD among adults. It is able to improve concentration and attention, reduce impulsive behavior and improve mood. It can be taken orally, or as a capsule or solution. It is important to use it regularly and as prescribed by your doctor. If you take too much or stop taking abruptly can cause problems. You should not drive or operate machines if you take this medication. Also, don't carry the medication around without the prescription. Always carry evidence that you were prescribed it. You should also bring your medication to work or to school with you, in the event it's needed during the day.
Dexamfetamine must be used with caution in epilepsy patients, because it may lower the threshold for convulsions. It should not be used in patients who have a history of blood vessel or cardiac problems, such as coronary heart disease or high blood pressure. It is not recommended to be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. It is excreted into breast milk, and so there is a risk for the baby.
If symptoms of ADHD get worse, a review by the prescriber is suggested. This can help determine if the condition is controlled by medication and if the dosages are appropriate. This will allow the doctor who prescribes to adjust dosages or switch treatments as needed.
A doctor will place the patient on a low dose and gradually increase it until they are sure they get the right dose of medication for them. It is recommended for you to take your tablets at the same time every day, and ideally with food. This will help you remember to take them and it can reduce the chances of missing doses.
In addition to taking medication, individuals who suffer from ADHD may benefit from psychoeducation and therapy. This can help children as well as adults cope with their condition. Therapy can assist them in dealing with other issues like depression or anxiety. Psychoeducation combines education materials and support from a trained professional, while therapeutic therapies can be behavioural or cognitive.
Modafinil
Modafinil is a wakefulness-promoting prescription drug that reduces extreme sleepiness that accompanies conditions such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and shift work sleep disorder. It is also used off-label to treat symptoms of ADHD in adults 18 years old or older. However, it's not specifically approved for this use and should only be used under the supervision of a doctor. It is only available with a prescription, and should be stored in a secure location away from children. Follow the instructions on the prescription label. Consult your physician or pharmacist for clarification if you don't comprehend any aspect of the medication.
The NHS website describes modafinil as a central nerve system stimulant that helps prevent excessive sleepiness during the daytime. Modafinil is prescribed for the treatment of the symptoms of narcolepsy, but it is widely used for people with Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis and fatigue caused by sleep apnea/hypopnea or shift work. Executives, students and military personnel needing to remain alert are also frequent users.
A recent survey of UK students found that one in five students have taken an "smart drug" to help them concentrate during their exams. Jack Rivlin (24), editor of The Tab, a student newspaper in Farringdon, London told BBC Newsbeat that he purchased modafinil for PS130 on an offshore site in the last semester to help in his study.
Modafinil has helped him keep track of his notes and pass his test, even though that he doesn't believe it makes him more intelligent. It's important to remember that these medications aren't magic bullets and can cause serious side effects.
In addition to its wakefulness-promoting effects, modafinil can increase the risk of cardiovascular problems in some patients, especially those with heart disease. iampsychiatry.com can also interact with certain medications, including antidepressants and sedatives. It is possible that you will experience withdrawal symptoms and become dependent on the medication if you suddenly stop taking it.
Modafinil, along with methylphenidate and Atomoxetine, is classified as a class B drug. This means it is illegal to distribute, possess or sell. If you're caught, you'll be facing up to five years in prison.